Ivan Vishnyakov (1699-1761)
Ivan Vishnyakov – the famous Russian portrait painter, muralist, painter, one of the representatives of secular portrait rococo scenic team leader Office of the buildings (1739-1761).
I.Ya.Vishnyakova critics called ”the mysterious master of the XVIII century.”, And not just because of his life and work a little information, but also due to the fact that the great legacy of the artist’s monumental decorative works and portraits is a sad nominal list of names. From the numerous works of the master, who with fifteen years until his death, did not know the rest of the day, preserved only about ten portraits.
The creative life of this talented painter, born in 1699 in Moscow in the family ”Imperial Majesty shaternyh Goldsmiths’ Jacob Vishnjakova truly tragic. In 1714. he was ”released from his father in St. Petersburg”, where he studied ”lacquer” and then ”picturesque case” the master of the Armory V.G.Gruzintsa and after school, in the 1727g. he was sent to the Office of the buildings in the rank of ”picturesque apprentice.” Here, under the head of the team picturesque Andrew Matveev, Ivan formed as a muralist, working closely with architects, sculptors and carvers – all those masters who created the decorative style of the period, based on a synthesis of Russian Baroque and Rococo.
I.Ya.Vishnyakov
Portrait of young man
I.Ya.Vishnyakov
Portrait of MS Begichev
But back in the late 20 rr. started joint creative activities Vishnjakova and Marseilles ”beautiful things Professor” Louie Caravaca (Caravaque). With 1727g. he officially became his disciple, as foreign masters witnessed his ability to ”write the person with fairly natural.” Although Ivan great do the job on their own, whether he did or copies itself, ”wrote the person of His Imperial Majesty Peter I» and other portraits, to perform many decorative and restoration work until 1739, he was listed as an apprentice. This year, after the death of A.Matveeva, Vishnjakov became a master and took the lead over the picturesque team.
Its further progress has been quite significant. He received one by one rank of ensign (1741.) And Captain (1742.), Was elevated to the rank of collegiate assessor, thus becoming a nobleman (1745g.) And 1752g. granted the rank of court counselor and is given to a straight isyage.
The artist worked closely with 3zodchimi Rastrelli, MG Zemtsov and decorator George. Valeriani participated in endless reconstructions, restorations and new construction of the Winter, Summer and the Anichkov Palace, the Triumphal Arch in Moscow, Peter and Paul Cathedral, opera houses, Peterhof and Tsarskoye Selo palaces.
I.Ya.Vishnyakov
Nativity of the Virgin
I.Ya.Vishnyakov
ascension
Over the years, Ivan Yakovlevich increasingly gravitated toward religious painting and even defended his right to not only monitor, but also to write to the iconostasis of St. Andrew’s Cathedral in Kiev (icon of the Virgin and Child with an image Sv.Apostola Andrew, 1750-1753 gg.). Until his death, he worked on a large church icons of the Winter Palace (1761g.). But the portrait, which is in Russian art was checking on the highest step of the art of painting, was the leading genre in the works Vishnjakova.
Ivan Yakovlevich with his talent to spend their creative forces on the mass of minor works. But it was still a big family: an elderly mother Akulina Anufrievna, three sons from his first marriage, his second wife Maria Feodorovna, who gave birth to three sons and a daughter. Caseloads, it is time to take care of their fate and education, especially for gifted senior Ivan: fussed about his ”beautiful apprenticeship in the Office of the buildings and learning the Italian language in the hope of overseas pensionerstvo.” A trip to Italy was not allowed, but Ivan and his younger brother, Alexander became good painters. With 1753g. eldest son was directly involved in all the works of his father and took over the scenic team after his death on August 8 1761g.
I.Ya.Vishnyakov
Portrait S.S.Yakovlevoy
I.Ya.Vishnyakov
Portrait M.S.Yakovleva
Portrait of Sarah Eleanor Fermor,
Vishnjakov failed ”academic proficiency”, but he knows about anatomy, however, calmly walked to the violation of its rules. In the famous ”Portrait of Sarah Eleanor Fermor,” for the sake of exquisite beauty flowing lines and silhouette of a figure of integrity gives young daughter head of the Office of the buildings V.Fermora excessively long arms. Like a wonderful flower of unearthly beauty, magnificent blooms of moire dress gentle girl’s face Sarah Fermor (1749). And if by fate Vishnjakov, spend their life and the creative power of thousands of little things, would create only a charming image of Sarah Fermor, the only one this portrait he could be considered a ”symbol of all Russian art of the XVIII century.
Portrait of William George Fermor
Painting palace interiors, the creation of images for the Trinity Cathedral and the Church of Simeon and Anna, the personal orders of Empress Elizabeth …
Portrait of Elizabeth
Flawless ”eye” of the artist and impeccable taste Vishnjakova brought in some of the best portrait painters of the time. No wonder, he was admitted, not only copy, but also to paint portraits of ruling monarchs, and then ”propagate” them for numerous palaces, government offices and private dignitaries.
Portrait N.I.Tishinina
Portrait K.I.Tishininoy
As any artist of his time, Vishnyakov checkered children’s portraits. For constrained convention formal portraits we see a serious and respectful attitude towards the world of the child, other than all the feelings and experiences of the adult world.
Portrait of a child F.N.Golitsyna
Portrait of Basil Daragan
Girl with a bird
Vishnjakov is one of those rare, usually born in the transitional periods, artists, whose art is exquisite craftsmanship coupled with naivety and sophistication – with the immediacy of perception. Therefore, he created the image of Sarah Fermor – dressed in ”adult” dress charming girl with excessively long arms – became a symbol of all Russian art of the middle of the XVIII century.